A total of 119 datas
It is reported that the CD5 antigen is expressed in 95% of thymocytes and 72% of peripheral blood lymphocytes. In lymph nodes, it is mainly observed to be associated with T-cell reactions. The CD5 antigen also reacts with many T-cell leukemias, lymphomas, activated T cells, and some B cells mainly located in the mantle zone of normal lymph nodes. It has also been reported that the CD5 antigen is expressed in acute T-lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL), some chronic B-lymphocytic leukemias (B-CLL), and B- and T-cell lymphomas.
The CD3 molecule is composed of five different polypeptide chains and is expressed on the surface of all mature T cells. This antibody reacts with a cytoplasmic protein of T cells, the CD3 antigen. T cells in thethymic cortex, medulla, and peripheral lymphoid tissues are all stained. This antibody is suitable for the diagnosis of T cells in formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded normal and tumor tissues.
CD2 is expressed on the surface of mature T cells and NK cells. CD2 can promote the recognition ofantigens by T lymphocytes and enhance the adhesion and signal transduction between T lymphocytes, thymocytes, and NK cells with antigen-presenting cells and target cells. This antibody can label normal T cells and their related tumors.
CD1a is expressed on dendritic cells, Langerhans cells of the skin, and cortical thymocytes. CD1a is used for the typing of thymic carcinoma and can also be used for the differential diagnosis of thymic tumors and primary thoracic tumors.
Cathepsin K is a lysosomal cysteine protease that can be expressed innormal osteoblasts and fibroblasts. It has been reported that Cathepsin K can be used to distinguish renal cell carcinoma (RCC) from other tumors.
CR is an intracellular calcium-binding protein belonging to the cal modulin C superfamily. It is mainly used for the diagnosis of mesothelioma, especially epithe lio id mesothelioma, with a sensitivity of up to 100% and a specificity of 50%. It can also be used for the study of nervous system diseases.
Calponin is a calmodu lin-binding protein that binds to myosin and F-actin, and is involved in the regulation of smooth muscle contraction. It is a smooth muscle-specific protein expressed in the cytoplasm of smooth muscle and myoepithelial cells. It is used to label breast myoepithelial and smoothmuscle cell tumors, and myofibroblasts can also be positive.
Calcitonin (CT) is a 32-amino acid peptide synthesized by the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. It reduces serum calcium levels by inhibiting osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, reducing calcium reabsorption in the kidneys, and reducing intestinal calcium absorption. Its action is therefore opposite to that of parathyroid hormone. The CT gene transcript also encodes calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP),which is a potent vasodilator. In thyroid parafollicular cells, 95% of the CT/CGRP is processed and translated to produce CT. However, in nerve cells, 99% of the CT/CGRP RNA is translated into CGRP. Thyroid C-cells cangive rise to endocrine tumors, medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC), which can be sporadic (75% of cases) or hereditary (25% of cases).
CA19-9 is an antigenic determinant located on the sialated Lewisa carbohydrate structure. Sialated Lewisa functions as a ligand for the adhesion molecule E-selectin, thereby participating in cell adhesion processes. CA19-9, together with CA50 (a cancer-associated mucin antigen), is widely used as a serological marker for the diagnosis of gastrointestinal and pancreatic cancers. Previous studies have reported that, in pancreatic cancer, the immunohistochemical expression of both CA19-9 and CA50 is associated with tumor differentiation, with strong staining observed in well-differentiatedtumors. However, these two markers are also expressed in a variety of benign conditions, such as chronic pancreatitis.
CA15-3 is a tumor marker associated with breast cancer, mainly used for the auxiliary diagnosis and efficacy monitoring of breast cancer. CA15-3 is elevated in breast cancer patients and can also be seen in other tumors such as lung cancer and ovarian cancer.
CA125 is a high molecular weight glycoprotein that is one of the most important tumor markers forovarian cancer. It is highly expressed in gynecological tumors such as ovarian cancer, fallopian tube cancer,and endometrial cancer. It can also be seen in some non-gynecological tumors. CA125 testing can be used for the auxiliary diagnosis of ovarian cancer, monitoring of treatment efficacy, and prediction of recurrence.
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